Prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people from three Brazilian regions. METHODS: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, and comparative study conducted with elderly people aged 80 years or older. RESULTS: Higher prevalence of arterial hypertension were observed among those who use polypharmacy (75.7%), among elderly people aged between 80 and 84 years (33.9%), as well as in elderly people who are overweight (78.2%). The prevalence of diabetes was 24% (RP: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98) lower among women compared to men and 2.15 times higher among those who use five or more medications (RP: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.63-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, polypharmacy, body weight, and gender determine the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in long-lived elderly people.

Muscle performance in octogenarians: Factors affecting dynapenia.

BACKGROUND: The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors that negatively affect muscle strength in octogenarians. METHODS: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 87 older adult participants (56 women and 31 men) attending a geriatric clinic. General anthropometrics, health history, and body composition data were collected. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and the percentage of body fat were identified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and muscle quality index (MQI) was defined as the ratio of HGS by upper limbs ASMM. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine predictive factors of the muscle strength. RESULTS: Females had lower HGS (1.39 kg) than male participants (p = 0.034). An increase of one unit MQI was associated with an increase of 3.38 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). Each additional year of age was associated with a decrease of 0.12 kg in the HGS (p = 0.047). Regarding ASMM, an increase of one unit was associated with an increase of 0.98 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). There was no association between dynapenia, body fat percentage, diseases and polypharmacy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The gender, age, MQI, and ASMM influenced muscle strength of octogenarians. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are relevant to improve our understanding of age-related complications and outline treatment guidance by healthcare professionals.

Field-Based Estimates of Muscle Quality Index Determine Timed-Up-and-Go Test Performance in Obese Older Women.

Objective: The muscle quality index (MQI) is associated with numerous health outcomes in adults; however, the effects of distinct MQI on functional capacity in obese older women have not yet been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the contribution of different muscle quality indices on TUG performance prediction in obese older women. We secondarily evaluated the association between MQI, aerobic capacity performance (Treadmill performance and 6-minute walk test), and obesity indices (BMI, body fat percentage, and neck, waist, and hip circumference). Methods: Participants included 64 obese older women (mean age 67.05 ± 5.46 years, body fat ≥ 35%). General anthropometric, health history, body composition, treadmill exercise, and functional test (Time up and go) measures were collected. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength, and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to identify body fat percentage. The field MQI was defined as the highest reading divided by the subject's body mass index (BMI), while the laboratory MQI was obtained by the ratio of grip strength to the entire arm muscle in kilograms measured by DXA. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to predict TUG-test performance. Results: An increase in field MQI of one unit is associated with a decrease of 2.59 seconds in the TUG test (ß = -0.540; p = 0.004). There was no association between laboratory MQI and TUG performance (ß = 0.067; p = 0.712). Furthermore, field MQI displays a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with aerobic capacity performance (6-minute walk test and peak O2 consumption) and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with diverse obesity indices (neck and waist circumference, body fat, and BMI). Conclusion: MQI displayed an important prediction with TUG-test, a positive correlation with aerobic capacity, and a negative correlation with obesity indices.

Prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people / Prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo asociados en ancianos longevos / Prevalência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e fatores de risco associados em pessoas idosas longevas

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people from three Brazilian regions. Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, and comparative study conducted with elderly people aged 80 years or older. Results: Higher prevalence of arterial hypertension were observed among those who use polypharmacy (75.7%), among elderly people aged between 80 and 84 years (33.9%), as well as in elderly people who are overweight (78.2%). The prevalence of diabetes was 24% (RP: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98) lower among women compared to men and 2.15 times higher among those who use five or more medications (RP: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.63-2.85). Conclusions: In our sample, polypharmacy, body weight, and gender determine the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in long-lived elderly people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y los factores de riesgo asociados en ancianos longevos de tres regiones brasileñas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio multicéntrico, transversal y comparativo, realizado con ancianos con edad igual o superior a 80 años. Resultados: Se observaron mayores prevalencias de hipertensión arterial entre aquellos que hacen uso de polifarmacia (75,7%), entre los ancianos con edad entre 80 y 84 años (33,9%), así como en ancianos que presentan sobrepeso (78,2%). La prevalencia de diabetes fue 24% (RP: 0,76; IC 95%: 0,59-0,98) menor entre las mujeres en comparación con los hombres y 2,15 veces mayor entre aquellos que utilizan cinco o más medicamentos (RP: 2,15; IC 95%: 1,63-2,85). Conclusión: En nuestra muestra, la polifarmacia, el peso corporal y el sexo determinan la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus en ancianos longevos.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e os fatores de risco associados em pessoas idosas longevas de três regiões brasileiras. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, transversal e comparativo, realizado com pessoas idosas com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos. Resultados: foram observadas maiores prevalências de hipertensão arterial entre aqueles que fazem uso de polifarmácia (75,7%), entre as pessoas idosas com idade entre 80 e 84 anos (33,9%), bem como em pessoas idosas que apresentam sobrepeso (78,2%). A prevalência de diabetes foi 24% (RP: 0,76; IC 95%: 0,59-0,98) menor entre as mulheres quando comparadas aos homens e 2,15 vezes maior entre aqueles que utilizam cinco ou mais medicamentos (RP: 2,15; IC 95%: 1,63-2,85). Conclusões: Em nossa amostra, a polifarmácia, o peso corporal e o sexo determinam a prevalência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus em pessoas idosas longevas.

Body composition and functional performance of older adults.

Objectives: To determine if anthropometric variables, body composition, medication and gender are associated with functional performance and to compare these variables between octogenarians with high and low functional performance. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed. Participants' body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and functional performance by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A binomial logistic regression was performed. Results: One hundred and twenty-two octogenarians were included and separated into high and low function groups. The high function group showed lower values of WHtR (mean difference [MD] = 0.047, P = 0.025) and body fat (BF%) (MD = 3.54, P = 0.032) and higher values of apendicular skeletal muscle mass (ALM) (MD = 3.03, P = 0.001), HGS (MD = 6.11, P = 0.001) and SPPB score (MD = 4.20, P = 0.001). Women were more likely to be classified as low function (OR = 3.66, P = 0.002) and males showed 5.21 odds ratio (P = 0.021) of having high functional performance compared to females. Also, each decrease in age and medication use displayed 1.30 (P = 0.007) and 1.26 odds ratio increases (P = 0.008) in high functional performance. Conclusions: Older males display better functional performance than women, and decrements in age and medications increase the high functional performance odds ratio. Octogenarians with high functional performance displayed lower BF measurements and higher values of muscle mass and strength.

Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Objectives: The present study investigated the association between religious and spiritual (RS) practices with the prevalence, severity, and incidence of mental health problems in older adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated older adults aged 60+ years and assessed RS using valid scales and questions from valid scales, and mental health according to validated multidimensional or specific instruments. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and AgeLine databases until July 31, 2021. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A pooled effect size was calculated based on the log odds ratio (OR) and Z-scores. This study is registered on PROSPERO. Results: One hundred and two studies that investigated 79.918 community-dwellers, hospitalized, and institutionalized older adults were included. Results indicated that high RS was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, while a positive association was observed with life satisfaction, meaning in life, social relations, and psychological well-being. Specifically, people with high spirituality, intrinsic religiosity, and religious affiliation had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. In relation to longitudinal analysis, most studies supported that high RS levels were associated with a lower incidence of depressive symptoms and fear of death, as well as better mental health status. Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggest that RS are significantly associated with mental health in older adults. People with high RS levels had a lower prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as reported greater life satisfaction and psychological well-being, better social relations, and more definite meaning in life. Data provided by an increasing number of longitudinal studies have supported most of these findings.

Fatores associados a hospitalização de idosos longevos residentes no Distrito Federal ­ Brasil / Factors associated with hospitalization for long elderly residents in the Federal District ­ Brazil / Factores asociados a la hospitalización de ancianos largo residentes en el Distrito Federal - Brasil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados a hospitalização de idosos com 80 anos e mais residentes no Distrito Federal -Brasil. Foram investigados 208 idosos longevos (80 anos e mais) atendidos em ambulatório do Distrito Federal entre os anos de 2016 a 2018. Utilizaram-se testes de rastreio cognitivo, desempenho funcional, fragilidade e questionários padronizados.Ahospitalização no último ano foi associada a idade mais avançada, menor escolaridade, maior prevalência de declínio cognitivo, e possuir fragilidade nos domínios perda de peso e força de preensão manual. Após ajustes segundo modelo logístico múltiplo permaneceram associadas à hospitalização as variáveis escolaridade, fragilidade perda de peso e número de consultas médicas no último ano. Nesse contexto, para prevenção da hospitalização na velhice avançada faz-se necessário investimentos em medidas de gerenciamento de caso, qualificação da atenção em saúde, rastreio e manejo da fragilidade.

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with hospitalization of elderly people aged 80 years and over residing in the Federal District -Brazil. A total of 208 long-lived elderly (80 years and older) treated at an outpatient clinic of the Federal District between 2016 and 2018 were investigated. Cognitive screening, functional performance, frailty and standardized questionnaires tests were used. Hospitalization in the last year was associated with older age, lower education, higher prevalence of cognitive decline, and frailty criteria in the weight loss and handgrip strength. After adjustments according to the multiple logistic model, the variables schooling, frailty weight loss and number ofmedical appointments in the last year remained associated with hospitalization.In this way, to prevent hospitalization in advanced old age, investments in case management measures, health care qualification, screening and management of frailty are required.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los factores asociados a la hospitalización de ancianos de 80 años y más residentes en el Distrito Federal -Brasil. Se investigaron 208 ancianos longevos (80 años y más) atendidos en un ambulatorio del Distrito Federal entre 2016 y 2018. Se utilizaron pruebas de tamizaje cognitivo, desempeño funcional, fragilidad y cuestionarios estandarizados. La hospitalización en el último año se asoció con mayor edad, menor escolaridad, mayor prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y fragilidad en los dominios de pérdida de peso y fuerza de prensión manual. Después de los ajustes según el modelo logístico múltiple, las variables escolaridad, fragilidad, pérdida de peso y número de consultas médicas en el último año permanecieron asociadas a la hospitalización. En ese contexto, para prevenir la hospitalización en la vejez avanzada, es necesario invertir en medidas de manejo de casos, calificación de la atención a la salud, tamizaje y manejo de la fragilidad.

Factors Associated with Mortality among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italians diagnosed with coronavirus who resided in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease. METHODS: A systematic review following the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was carried out, utilizing the PEO strategy, i.e., Population, Exposure and Outcome. In this case, the population was the elderly aged over 65 years old, the exposure referred to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the outcome was mortality. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were used until 31 July 2020. RESULTS: Five Italian studies were included in this meta-analysis, with the number of elderly people included varying between 18 and 1591 patients. The main morbidities presented by the elderly in the studies were dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italian people diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 who lived in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease were evaluated. It was found that dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension were the main diagnosed diseases for mortality in elderly people with COVID-19.

Monitoring Public Perception of Health Risks in Brazil and Italy: Cross-Cultural Research on the Risk Perception of Choking in Children.

One of the most relevant public health issues among pediatric injuries concerns foreign body (FB) aspiration. The risk perception of choking hazards (CH) and risk perception, in general, are complex multifactorial problems that play a significant role in defining protective behavior. Risk prevention policies should take this aspect into account. A lack of scientific knowledge of FB injury risk perception may be evidenced in Brazil and other newly developed countries. This study aims to characterize the differences and peculiarities in risk perception of CH between Italian and Brazilian populations. The risk perception among adults in Italy and Brazil between September and October 2017 was investigated in a survey. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis was carried out to identify the latent components characterizing the risk perception in Italian and Brazilian population samples. The most relevant dimension characterizing risk perception is the "Professional-educational status and the related perception of Risk" (13% of factorial inertia). The Italians identify batteries and magnets as the most dangerous choking risks (20% of responses). On the other hand, Brazilian people, mainly manual laborers (22%) with secondary or primary education (94%), perceive coins as the most dangerous items (30% of responses, p < 0.001). Socio-economic issues characterize the subjective risk perception of Italian and Brazilian survey respondents. In this framework, data-driven prevention strategies could be helpful to tailor intervention strategies to the cultural context to which they are addressed.

Non-communicable chronic diseases: Mortality of older adult citizens in Brazil and Italy before the Covid-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to outline the main non-communicable chronic diseases that led older people to death in Brazil and Italy before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic according to age gaps and region of residence. This study has identified that the highest mortality rate among Brazilian and Italian women took place in lower-income areas, potentially due to insufficient public policies to increase income and improve health, which would in turn reduce the risk of chronic diseases and increase life expectancy. Men showed higher mortality rates in different regions, and tended to die earlier. Our results highlight socioeconomic differences in the areas with the highest death rates due to non-communicable chronic diseases, emphasizing the relevance of public policies to meet the needs of the overall population.

Aposentadoria e planejamento para vida pós-trabalho: um estudo com servidores de um Instituto Federal de Educação / Retirement and planning for post-work life: a study with civil servants from a Federal Institute of Education

Resumo Objetivo Investigar fatores associados à construção de projeto de vida pós-trabalho em servidores do Instituto Federal do Tocantins e verificar temas de interesse para elaboração de um Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria. Método Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, de natureza quantitativa e de corte transversal. Foram entrevistados 94 servidores dentre técnicos administrativos e docentes, que estavam com 5, 10 e 15 anos para se aposentarem. Os participantes foram avaliados por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, QWLQbref questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) e Escala dos Fatores-Chave de Planejamento para a Aposentadoria (KFRP). Resultados Houve correlações estatisticamente significantes e positivas entre o subdomínio psicológico de QVT e o Fator Risco ou Sobrevivência, e entre o domínio profissional de QVT e o Fator Relacionamentos Familiares. O grupo de profissionais com 5 a 10 anos para se aposentar apresentou a maior média no domínio psicológico de QVT (p=0,039). Participantes do sexo feminino focalizaram mais o novo começo profissional do que os homens (p=0,023), e participantes sem companheiro(a) apresentaram menor pontuação no item relacionamento familiar como fator de planejamento pós-aposentadoria (p=0,027). Das temáticas para o Planejamento de Programa para Aposentadoria, destacaram-se: planejamento financeiro (13%), legislação específica sobre aposentadoria (11%), e entretenimento e qualidade de vida (7%). Conclusão O planejamento para aposentadoria associou-se a qualidade de vida relacionada ao trabalho, sexo e estado conjugal. Essas variáveis, em conjunto com as temáticas propostas pelos servidores, podem contribuir para o planejamento de um Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria.

Abstract Objective To investigate factors associated with creating a post-work life project with workers from the Federal Institute of Tocantins, and check topics of interest to create a Retirement Preparation Program. Method This was an exploratory, quantitative, and cross-sectional study. The respondents were 94 civil servants among administrative technicians and scholars who would retire in 5, 10 and 15 years. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic questionnaire - the QWLQbref questionnaire - to assess the quality of work life (QWL), and the Key Factors for Retirement Planning (KFRP) Scale. Results There were statistically significant and positive correlations between the psychological subdomain of QWL and the Risk Factor or Survival, and between the professional domain of QWL and the Family Relationships Factor. The group of professionals to be retired in 5 to 10 years had the highest average in the psychological domain of QWL (p=0.039). Female participants focused more on the new professional beginning than men (p=0.023), and participants without a partner had a lower score in the item 'family relationship' as a post-retirement planning factor (p=0.027). Among the topics for the Planning of the Retirement Program, the following stand out: financial planning (13%), specific legislation on retirement (11%), and entertainment and quality of life (7%). Conclusion Retirement planning was associated with the quality of life related to work, gender, and marital status. These variables together with the topics proposed by the servants can contribute to the planning of a Retirement Preparation Program.

Associação entre eventos estressores e citocinas inflamatórias e anti-inflamatórias em pessoas idosas longevas / Association between stressor events and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in long-lived older people

Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação entre a frequência de eventos estressores e citocinas em pessoas idosas longevas. Métodos os participantes responderam a um questionário constituído de variáveis sociodemográficas, indicaram quais eventos estressores constantes no Inventário de Eventos Estressores de vida ocorreram nos últimos cinco anos e responderam a escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS). Foram dosados por citometria de fluxo: interleucina (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ). A análise descritiva foi realizada para a caracterização da amostra. Para investigar a associação entre as variáveis foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o método Backward. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 91 pessoas idosas com média de idade de 82 anos. Mais da metade da amostra relatou morte de ente querido como o evento estressor mais prevalente (61%). Nessa amostra foi possível perceber que quanto mais eventos estressores foram relatados, menor o nível de IL-4 (p=0,046), da mesma forma que o estado civil viuvez, onde os dados mostraram que quem é viúvo tem menos eventos estressores em comparação a quem é casado (p=0,037). Conclusão Evidenciou-se a importância de um olhar mais cuidadoso dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, de forma que se obtenham subsídios para a implementação de programas e intervenções específicos que possam amenizar a percepção dos eventos estressores vivenciados, colaborando com menores danos decorrentes da imunossenescência.

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between the frequency of stressor events and cytokines in long-lived older people. Methods The participants answered a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, indicated which stressor events included in the Stressor Life Events Inventory occurred in the last five years and answered the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The following were measured by flow cytometry: interleukin (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We carried out a descriptive statistical analysis in order to characterize the sample. To investigate the association between the variables, a multiple linear regression model was developed, using the Backward method. Results 91 older people with an age average of 82 years participated in the research. More than half of the sample reported the death of a loved one as the most prevalent stressor event (61%). In this sample, it was possible to notice that the more stressor events were reported, the lower the level of IL-4 (p=0.046), as well as the marital status of widowhood, where data showed that those who are widowed have fewer stressor events in comparison to who is married (p=0.037). Conclusion The importance of a more careful look by health professionals in older people multidimensional assessment was evidenced, so that subsidies are obtained for the implementation of specific programs and interventions that can ease the perception of the stressor events experienced, collaborating with less resulting damage of immunosenescence.

Comparison of field- and laboratory-based estimates of muscle quality index between octogenarians and young older adults: an observational study.

Muscle quality (the ratio of strength to lean muscle mass) might be a better indicator of muscle function than strength alone. Differences in muscle quality index (MQI) between octogenarians and young older adults remain unclear. The aims of the present cross-sectional study were to compare (1) MQI between octogenarians and young older adults, (2) lab versus field-based MQI tools, and (3) determine possible confounding factors affecting MQI in older adults. Compiled data from two cross-sectional studies included 175 younger and older adults (31 men and 144 women) with a mean age of 75.93±9.49 years. Participants with age ≥80 years old were defined as octogenarians (n=79) and <80 years was defined as young older adults (n=96). Laboratory MQI was derived from the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass (in kg) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Field-based MQI was quantified from the ratio of grip strength to body mass index (BMI). Octogenarians displayed lower field (P=0.003) and laboratory MQI (P<0.001) as compared with young older adults. There was a strong correlation effect between field MQI and laboratory MQI (P=0.001, R=0.85). BMI (P=0.001), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.001) negatively affected MQI. Women presented lower MQI (P=0.001) values than men. In light of this information, rehabilitation specialists should consider the use of field-based MQI as a tool for evaluation and follow-up of older population.

Elderly individuals in multigenerational households: Family composition, satisfaction with life and social involvement / Longevos em domicílios multigeracionais: condições sociodemográficas, humor, funcionalidade, envolvimento social e satisfação com a vida

The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between multi-generational household arrangements (uni-, bi- or tri-generational) and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, mood, social support and life satisfaction in cognitively healthy elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 107 elderly individuals from the Federal District were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Scales of Basic, Instrumental and Advanced Activities of Daily Living, the Perceived Social Support, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Bivariate statistical analysis indicated that tri-generational arrangements were associated with being female, being a widowed individual and having more children; and uni- or bi-generational arrangements were associated with a greater life satisfaction in comparison to people of the same age, a bigger participation in cultural activities and driving an automobile. These findings indicate that, for elderly individuals, living arrangements are associated with family composition, life satisfaction and social engagement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre os arranjos domiciliares multigeracionais (uni, bi ou trigeracionais) e variáveis sociodemográficas, desempenho funcional, humor, suporte social e satisfação com a vida em idosos longevos cognitivamente saudáveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram avaliados 107 idosos do Distrito Federal, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Geriatric Deepression Scale, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Atividades Básicas, Instrumentais e Avançadas de Vida Diária, Escala de Suporte Social Percebido e de Satisfação com a Vida. Análises estatísticas bivariadas indicaram que arranjos trigeracionais associaram-se ao sexo feminino, ao estado de viuvez e à existência de mais filhos; já os arranjos uni ou bigeracionais associaram-se à maior satisfação com a vida em comparação com pessoas da mesma idade, bem como à maior participação em atividades culturais e à prática de dirigir automóvel. Esses achados indicam que, para longevos, os arranjos domiciliares associam-se a variáveis de composição familiar, satisfação com a vida e envolvimento social.

Medicação®: Um estudo sobre o Autogerenciamento de Medicamentos em idosos / Medicação®: A Study of Self-Management of Medications in the Elderly / Medicação®: un estudio sobre autogestión de medicamentos en ancianos

Objetivo: Avaliar autogestão de medicamentos em idosos, por meio de um aplicativo. Método: Pesquisa aplicada, transversal e mista, realizada com 15 idosos com idade igual a 69,45 (DP=6,55). As coletas ocorreram pré e após 60 dias de uso do aplicativo, sendo avaliados por meio do MEEM, questionário de pré-uso, questionário pós-uso e questionário sobre aspectos relativos à usabilidade do aplicativo. Para análise dos dados quantitativos, utilizaram-se análises descritivas do SPSS e, para os dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: Quanto à categorização da amostra, majoritariamente do sexo feminino (66,66%) e com baixa usabilidade (59,04). Os dados qualitativos no momento préuso apresentaram sete classes e a prevalência das palavras "Tomar" e "Medicamento". No momento pós-uso, foram observadas outras sete classes e a prevalência das palavras "Não" e "Aplicativo", indicando dificuldades no uso. Conclusão: Sugere-se que haja mais estudos que abordem questões relativas à interatividade, sobretudo acessibilidade e usabilidade, de forma a subsidiar a concepção e a construção de melhores aplicativos voltados para o público idoso.

Objective: To evaluate a self-administered drug in elderly, by an application. Method: Applied, cross and mixed research, performed with 15 elderly people with age equal to 69.45 (SD = 6.55). The collections occurred before and after 60 days of use of the application, being evaluated through the MMSE, pre-use questionnaire, post-use questionnaire and questionnaire on aspects related to the usability of the application. To analyze the quantitative data, SPSS descriptive analyzes were used, and for the qualitative data the software IRaMuTeQ was used. Results: Regarding the categorization of the sample, mostly female (66.66%) and with low usability (59.04). Qualitative data at the pre-use time presented seven classes and the prevalence of the words "take" and "Medication". At the post-use point, seven other classes and the prevalence of the words "No" and "Application" were observed, indicating difficulty in use. Conclusion: It is suggested that there be more studies that address issues related to interactivity, especially accessibility and usability, in order to subsidize the design and construction of better applications aimed at the elderly public.

Objetivo: evaluar el autocontrol de los medicamentos en los ancianos, utilizando una aplicación. Método: Investigación aplicada, transversal y mixta, realizada con 15 personas mayores de 69,45 años (DE = 6,55). Las recolecciones se realizaron antes y después de 60 días de uso de la aplicación, y se evaluaron mediante el MMSE, el cuestionario previo al uso, el cuestionario posterior al uso y el cuestionario sobre aspectos relacionados con la usabilidad de la aplicación. Para el análisis de los datos cuantitativos, se utilizaron análisis descriptivos del SPSS y, para los datos cualitativos, se utilizó el software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: Respecto a la categorización de la muestra, mayoritariamente femenina (66,66%) y con baja usabilidad (59,04). Los datos cualitativos en el momento previo al uso presentaron siete clases y la prevalencia de las palabras "Tomar" y "Medicamento". En el momento posterior al uso, se observaron otras siete clases y la prevalencia de las palabras "No" y "Aplicación", lo que indica dificultades de uso. Conclusión: Se sugiere que haya más estudios que aborden temas relacionados con la interactividad, especialmente la accesibilidad y la usabilidad, para apoyar el diseño y la construcción de mejores aplicaciones dirigidas a las personas mayores.

Perfil cognitivo e associações entre idosos longevos em contexto ambulatorial no Distrito Federal / Cognitive profile and associations among very old adults in an outpatient setting in the Federal Distric

Objetivou investigar associações entre o declínio cognitivo de idosos longevos em contexto ambulatorial e variáveis sociodemográficas, desempenho funcional, doenças crônicas, número de hospitalizações e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram entrevistados idosos longevos (80 anos e mais) residentes no Distrito Federal, avaliados em contexto ambulatorial por questionários padronizados e pelo Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Nas análises bivariadas, o declínio cognitivo esteve associado à faixa etária (85 anos e mais), possuir uma ou mais limitações nas atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD), residir em arranjos domiciliares bi e trigeracionais e ter maior número de hospitalizações no último ano. No modelo logístico múltiplo, permaneceram associados ao declínio cognitivo em longevos as ABVD e as hospitalizações no último ano. Por tratar-se de uma população com maior demanda assistencial de saúde, torna-se necessário delinear medidas de prevenção e a promoção de cuidados de longa duração.

The aim was to investigate associations between the cognitive decline of very old adults in outpatient settings and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, chronic diseases, number of hospitalizations and access to health services. Very old adults (80 years and over) residing in the Federal District were interviewed, evaluated in an outpatient setting by means of standardized questionnaires and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In bivariate analyzes, cognitive decline was associated with the age group (85 years and over), having one or more limitations in basic activities of daily living (BADL), living in bi and tri-generational household arrangements and having a higher number of hospitalizations in the prior year. In the multiple logistic model, BADL and hospitalizations in the prior year remained associated with cognitive decline in very old adults. As it is a population with a greater demand for health care, it is necessary to outline measures of preventive and promotion of long-term care.

Elderly individuals in multigenerational households: Family composition, satisfaction with life and social involvement / Longevos em domicílios multigeracionais: condições sociodemográficas, humor, funcionalidade, envolvimento social e satisfação com a vida

The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between multi-generational household arrangements (uni-, bi- or tri-generational) and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, mood, social support and life satisfaction in cognitively healthy elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 107 elderly individuals from the Federal District were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Scales of Basic, Instrumental and Advanced Activities of Daily Living, the Perceived Social Support, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Bivariate statistical analysis indicated that tri-generational arrangements were associated with being female, being a widowed individual and having more children; and uni- or bi-generational arrangements were associated with a greater life satisfaction in comparison to people of the same age, a bigger participation in cultural activities and driving an automobile. These findings indicate that, for elderly individuals, living arrangements are associated with family composition, life satisfaction and social engagement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre os arranjos domiciliares multigeracionais (uni, bi ou trigeracionais) e variáveis sociodemográficas, desempenho funcional, humor, suporte social e satisfação com a vida em idosos longevos cognitivamente saudáveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram avaliados 107 idosos do Distrito Federal, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Geriatric Deepression Scale, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Atividades Básicas, Instrumentais e Avançadas de Vida Diária, Escala de Suporte Social Percebido e de Satisfação com a Vida. Análises estatísticas bivariadas indicaram que arranjos trigeracionais associaram-se ao sexo feminino, ao estado de viuvez e à existência de mais filhos; já os arranjos uni ou bigeracionais associaram-se à maior satisfação com a vida em comparação com pessoas da mesma idade, bem como à maior participação em atividades culturais e à prática de dirigir automóvel. Esses achados indicam que, para longevos, os arranjos domiciliares associam-se a variáveis de composição familiar, satisfação com a vida e envolvimento social.

Fragilidade, sarcopenia e características sociodemográficas de idosos longevos / The prevalence of (pre) fralty in long-lived elderly trated in an outpacient setting an the association with sociodermographic variables

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a prevalência de fragilidade e pré--fragilidade em idosos longevos atendidos em contexto ambulatorial, e analisar a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, as síndromes da fragilidade e a sarcopenia. Optou-se por um estudo de delineamento transversal e quantitativo com idosos do ambulatório de Geriatria do Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, sendo avaliados pelo: questionário de dados sociodemográficos; questionário de autorrelato, que avalia o risco de sarcopenia pelo SARC-F; e a investigação da fragilidade por meio de cinco fenótipos previamente estabelecidos por Fried et al., (2001). Foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico Qui-quadrado para comparação das variáveis qualitativas e o teste t para amostras independentes para os dados quantitativos. Participaram do estudo 71 idosos com média de idade de 84,73± 3,64 anos, 46 (64,8%) mulheres, sendo que, destas, 25 (54,3%) eram frágeis. Em relação aos homens, no total de 25 (35,2%), cinco (20%) foram considerados frágeis. O total de idosos pré-frágeis foi de 14 (57,7%) e frágeis 30 (42,3%). Em relação aos dados de sarcopenia, 18 (25,3%) dos idosos longevos eram sarcopênicos, sendo que 15 (83,3%) destes eram frágeis e três (16,7%) eram pré-frágeis. Do total de 53 (74,6%) não sarcopênicos, 15 (25,4%) apontaram fragilidade. Conclui-se que as mulheres longevas foram mais vulneráveis à síndrome da fragilidade e houve associação significativa entre a síndrome da fragilidade e a sarcopenia (p=0,04). O emprego desses instrumentos e equipamentos de aplicabilidade simples identificaram as síndromes, sendo estes recomendados a serem implantados na prática clínica.(AU)

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of frailty and pre--frailty in long-lived elderly patients treated in an outpatient setting, and to analyze the association between sociodemographic variables, frailty syndromes and sarcopenia. It was opted for a cross-sectional and quantitative study with elderly people from the Geriatrics outpatient clinic of the Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, being evaluated by the sociodemographic data questionnaire, as well as a self-report questionnaire that assesses the risk of sarcopenia by SARC-F and investigation of frailty through five phenotypes previously established by Fried et al., (2001). The non-parametric Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables and the t-test for independent samples for quantitative data. The study included 71 elderly people with a mean age of 84.73 ± 3.64 years, 46 (64.8%) women, 25 of whom (54.3%) were frail. In relation to men, a total of 25 (35.2%), where five (20%) were considered frail. The total number of pre-frail elderly was 14 (57.7%), and frail, 30 (42.3%). Regarding the sarcopenia data, 18 (25.3%) of the long-lived elderly were sarcopenic, 15 (83.3%) of whom were frail and three (16.7%) were pre-frail. Of the total of 53 (74.6%) non-sarcopenic, 15 (25.4%) indicated frailty. It was concluded that long-lived women were more vulnerable to frailty syndrome and there was a significant association between frailty syndrome and sarcopenia (p=0.04). The use of these instruments and equipment of simple applicability identified the syndromes and these are recommended to be implanted in clinical practice.(AU)

The influence of self-perceived health status, social support and depression on self-efficacy among Brazilian elderly people

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los predictores psicosociales de la autoeficacia general en una muestra de ancianos brasileños. La autoeficacia ha sido reportada como una variable de gran importancia para la salud de las personas mayores. Entre las personas mayores, los niveles más altos de autoeficacia se asocian con menor incapacidad, malestar psicológico, síntomas depresivos, buena salud percibida y mayor adaptación al dolor. En este estudio participaron 144 pacientes de la Unidad Básica de Salud en Granja do Torto (Brasilia, Brasil). La muestra era consecutiva. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de un cuestionario que incluyó preguntas sociodemográficas (color, edad, educación, estado civil, situación laboral y número de personas de otras generaciones con las que mora) y escalas para las dimensiones psicosociales estudiadas (estado de salud autopercibido, apoyo social percibido, depresión y autoeficacia general). La muestra estaba constituida mayoritariamente por mujeres (58.3%). La edad promedio era de 69.3 años (SD = 6.61), con edades que oscilaban entre 60 y 89 años. La mayoría eran blancos y morenos, con menos de 8 años de educación; tenían un compañero estable, vivían con familiares de otra generación y no trabajaban (estaban jubilados). El estado de salud autopercibido, el apoyo social percibido y la depresión explicaron el 37.2% de la varianza (∆F (3,140) = 29.20, p = .000). Los participantes que tenían un nivel más alto de apoyo social percibido (β= .25), un estado de salud autopercibido positivo (β = .30) y niveles más bajos de depresión (β= -.28) tenían niveles más altos de autoeficacia general. Es muy importante promover acciones comunitarias que ayuden a las personas mayores a disminuir los niveles de depresión y a aumentar los niveles de estado de salud autopercibido y el apoyo social percibido. Por lo tanto, se contribuirá al aumento de la autoeficacia en las personas mayores, una variable extremadamente importante en la salud y el bienestar de esta población específica.

The aim of this study was to identify the psychosocial predictors of general self-efficacy in a sample of Brazilian elderly people. Self-efficacy has been reported as a variable of great importance for elderly people's health. Among them, higher self-efficacy levels are associated with lower inability, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, good perceived health and higher pain adjustment. One hundred and fortyfour patients participated in this study. They were all patients of the Health Basic Unit at Granja do Torto (Brasília, Brazil). The sample is consecutive. The data were collected through a questionnaire that included sociodemographic questions (colour, age, education, marital status,occupational situation and number of people of other generations that you live with) and scales for the studied psychosocial dimensions (self-perceived health status, social support, depression, and general self-efficacy). The sample ismostly (58.3%) constituted by women. The ave-rage age is 69.3 years old (SD= 6.61), with par-ticipants being from 60 to 89 years old. The ma-jority were white and brown people, with lessthan 8 years of education; they have a stable partner, live with family members of another generation, and do not work (they are retired). Self-perceived health status, social support and depression explained 37.2% of variance (∆F(3,140) = 29.20, p = .000). The participants who had a higher level of perceived social support (β = .25), a positive self-perceived health status(β = .30) and lower levels of depression (β = -.28) had higher levels of general self-efficacy. Future interventions under the scope of health promotion in elderly people must consider these determinants in order to increase their efficacy. It is very important to promote community actions that help elderly people to decrease depression levels and increase levels of positive self-perceived health status and perceived social support. Thus, we will contribute to self-efficacy increase in elderly people, an extremely important variable in health and well-being among this specific population.